.research-detail-page { background: var(--ivory); }
.research-detail-page .research-canvas { width: min(calc(100% - 80px), 1260px); margin-inline: auto; }
.r1-hero { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; padding: 30px 0 40px; border-bottom: 3px solid var(--copper); }
.r1-crumb { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; color: #b8c8d1; font-size: 13px; }
.r1-crumb a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; }
.r1-eyebrow { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 11px; color: var(--copper-light); font: 700 13px/1.4 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', sans-serif; letter-spacing: .035em; }
.r1-eyebrow a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.r1-hero h1 { max-width: 1040px; margin: 10px 0 0; font: 700 clamp(29px, 3.1vw, 43px)/1.45 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; letter-spacing: -.035em; text-wrap: balance; }
.r1-meta { min-height: 74px; display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 0; padding-block: 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); color: #344653; font-size: 15px; }
.r1-meta > * { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; }
.r1-meta > * + *::before { content: '·'; margin-inline: 15px; color: var(--copper); font-weight: 700; }
.r1-meta a { color: var(--burgundy); }
.r1-meta a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.r1-snapshot { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0,1fr)); margin: 27px 0 0; padding: 20px 0; border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r1-snapshot > div { min-width: 0; padding-inline: 22px; border-inline-end: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r1-snapshot > div:first-child { padding-inline-start: 0; }
.r1-snapshot > div:last-child { border: 0; }
.r1-snapshot dt { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; }
.r1-snapshot dd { margin: 5px 0 0; color: var(--navy); font: 700 17px/1.65 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; }
.r1-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 310px; gap: clamp(46px, 5vw, 72px); align-items: start; padding: 48px 0 95px; }
.r1-main { min-width: 0; }
.r1-section { padding: 0 0 56px; margin-bottom: 56px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); scroll-margin-top: 24px; }
.r1-section-label { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--burgundy); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; }
.r1-section h2 { margin: 0 0 18px; color: var(--navy); font: 700 clamp(26px, 2.4vw, 34px)/1.55 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.r1-attribution { margin: 0 0 23px; max-width: 780px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; }
.r1-summary-text { max-width: 780px; margin: 0; font-size: clamp(18px, 1.55vw, 21px); line-height: 2.05; color: #1c3143; }
.r1-questions { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 16px; }
.r1-question { min-height: 150px; padding: 22px 24px; background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 3px solid var(--burgundy); }
.r1-index { color: var(--burgundy); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; }
.r1-question p { margin: 14px 0 0; color: var(--navy); font: 600 19px/1.8 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; }
.r1-findings { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.r1-findings li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 66px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 20px; padding: 25px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r1-findings li:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r1-finding-number { color: var(--copper); font: 400 31px/1.4 Georgia, serif; direction: ltr; }
.r1-findings h3 { margin: 0 0 6px; color: var(--navy); font: 700 19px/1.7 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; }
.r1-findings p { margin: 0; max-width: 780px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.95; }
.r1-timeline { list-style: none; margin: 27px 0 0; padding: 0 0 0 0; border-inline-start: 2px solid #c8bda9; }
.r1-timeline li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 86px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 16px; position: relative; padding: 0 25px 31px 0; }
.r1-timeline li:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }
.r1-timeline li::before { content: ''; position: absolute; inset-inline-start: -7px; top: 13px; width: 12px; height: 12px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--burgundy); border: 2px solid var(--ivory); }
.r1-timeline time { color: var(--burgundy); font: 700 22px/1.65 Georgia, serif; direction: ltr; text-align: right; }
.r1-timeline h3 { margin: 0 0 4px; font: 700 18px/1.6 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; }
.r1-timeline p { margin: 0 0 7px; line-height: 1.85; }
.r1-timeline-references, .r1-relation-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 14px; }
.r1-timeline-references a, .r1-relation-links a { color: var(--burgundy); font-size: 13px; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.r1-timeline-references a:hover, .r1-relation-links a:hover { color: var(--navy); }
.r1-relation-group { margin-top: 38px; }
.r1-relation-group > h3 { margin: 0 0 17px; color: var(--navy); font: 700 22px/1.6 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; }
.r1-relation-group > h4 { margin: 32px 0 10px; color: var(--burgundy); font: 700 16px/1.7 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; }
.r1-relation-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 38px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 15px; padding: 19px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r1-relation-index { color: var(--copper); font: 400 22px/1.5 Georgia, serif; }
.r1-relation-row h3 { margin: 0 0 4px; font: 700 17px/1.65 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; }
.r1-relation-row p { margin: 0 0 8px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.9; }
.r1-entity-register { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r1-entity-register li { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: 15px; scroll-margin-top: 20px; }
.r1-entity-register li:target { background: #eee7dd; }
.r1-entity-register li a { flex: 0 0 auto; color: var(--burgundy); font-size: 13px; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.r1-full-study { border: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 45px; }
.r1-study-toc { max-width: 780px; margin: 28px 0 42px; padding: 20px 0; border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r1-study-toc strong { display: block; margin-bottom: 12px; color: var(--burgundy); font-size: 15px; }
.r1-study-toc div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 6px 24px; }
.r1-study-toc a { color: var(--navy); font-size: 14px; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.r1-study-toc a:hover { color: var(--burgundy); }
.r1-reading { max-width: 780px; color: #203443; font-size: 18px; line-height: 2.05; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.r1-reading p { margin: 0 0 1.25em; }
.r1-reading h3 { margin: 2.3em 0 .8em; color: var(--burgundy); font: 700 25px/1.7 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; scroll-margin-top: 30px; }
.r1-reading h4 { margin: 1.9em 0 .7em; color: var(--navy); font: 700 21px/1.7 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; scroll-margin-top: 30px; }
.r1-reading h5 { margin: 1.6em 0 .45em; color: var(--navy); font: 700 18px/1.7 'IBM Plex Sans Arabic', sans-serif; }
.r1-reading .study-note { margin-bottom: .7em; padding-inline-start: 16px; border-inline-start: 2px solid var(--line); color: #45545f; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8; }
.study-table-scroll { max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; margin: 20px 0 36px; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.study-table-scroll:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--copper); }
.study-table-scroll table { width: 100%; min-width: 600px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8; }
.study-table-scroll th, .study-table-scroll td { width: 50%; vertical-align: top; padding: 15px 18px; border: 1px solid var(--line); white-space: pre-line; }
.study-table-scroll th { background: #eee8de; color: var(--navy); }
.study-table-scroll td { background: var(--paper); }
.r1-aside { min-width: 0; padding-inline-start: 26px; border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r1-aside section { padding: 0 0 26px; margin: 0 0 27px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r1-aside h2 { margin: 0 0 11px; color: var(--burgundy); font: 700 15px/1.7 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; }
.r1-aside nav { display: grid; gap: 7px; }
.r1-aside nav a { color: #344956; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.65; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.r1-aside nav a:hover { color: var(--burgundy); text-decoration: underline; }
.r1-aside-source div { display: grid; gap: 9px; }
.r1-aside-source a { color: var(--navy); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.r1-end { max-width: 780px; border-top: 2px solid var(--copper); padding-top: 26px; }
.r1-end > a { display: grid; gap: 4px; width: max-content; max-width: 100%; }
.r1-end > a span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; }
.r1-end > a strong { color: var(--burgundy); font: 700 23px/1.5 'Noto Kufi Arabic', sans-serif; }
.r1-end > a strong span { color: inherit; font-size: inherit; }
.r1-related { margin-top: 32px; }
.r1-related h2 { font-size: 18px; }
.r1-related a { display: block; color: var(--burgundy); text-decoration: underline; }
.r1-newsletter { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 22px; margin-top: 50px; padding: 23px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r1-newsletter span { color: var(--burgundy); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; }
.r1-newsletter p { margin: 3px 0 0; font-size: 15px; }
.r1-newsletter a { flex: 0 0 auto; padding: 8px 16px; border: 1px solid var(--burgundy); color: var(--burgundy); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; }
.r1-newsletter a:hover { background: var(--burgundy); color: #fff; }
@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .r1-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 35px; }
  .r1-aside { padding: 25px 0 0; border-inline-start: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 20px 35px; }
  .r1-aside section { margin: 0; }
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .research-detail-page .research-canvas { width: calc(100% - 40px); }
  .r1-hero { padding: 25px 0 32px; }
  .r1-crumb { margin-bottom: 13px; }
  .r1-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(27px, 7.4vw, 35px); line-height: 1.55; }
  .r1-meta { min-height: 0; gap: 3px 0; padding-block: 16px; font-size: 13px; }
  .r1-meta > * + *::before { margin-inline: 8px; }
  .r1-snapshot { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 18px 0; padding-block: 18px; margin-top: 18px; }
  .r1-snapshot > div { padding-inline: 12px; }
  .r1-snapshot > div:nth-child(odd) { padding-inline-start: 0; }
  .r1-snapshot > div:nth-child(even) { border: 0; }
  .r1-snapshot dd { font-size: 15px; }
  .r1-layout { padding: 32px 0 65px; }
  .r1-section { margin-bottom: 42px; padding-bottom: 42px; }
  .r1-section h2 { font-size: 26px; }
  .r1-summary-text { font-size: 18px; }
  .r1-questions { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .r1-question { min-height: 0; padding: 18px; }
  .r1-findings li { grid-template-columns: 46px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 10px; }
  .r1-finding-number { font-size: 24px; }
  .r1-findings h3 { font-size: 17px; }
  .r1-findings p { font-size: 16px; }
  .r1-timeline li { grid-template-columns: 62px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 11px; padding-inline-end: 10px; }
  .r1-timeline time { font-size: 18px; }
  .r1-timeline h3 { font-size: 16px; }
  .r1-study-toc div { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .r1-reading { font-size: 17px; }
  .r1-reading h3 { font-size: 22px; }
  .r1-reading h4 { font-size: 19px; }
  .r1-aside { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .r1-newsletter { align-items: start; flex-direction: column; }
}