.research-003-page .r1-hero { padding-bottom: 36px; }
.r3-issue-index { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 0 24px; margin: 27px 0 31px; border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r3-issue-index a { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: baseline; padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--navy); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; }
.r3-issue-index a:hover { color: var(--burgundy); text-decoration: underline; }
.r3-issue-index span { color: var(--burgundy); font: 17px Georgia,serif; }
.r3-issues { list-style: none; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 14px; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.r3-issues li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 45px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 14px; min-width: 0; padding: 23px 20px; background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 3px solid var(--burgundy); scroll-margin-top: 24px; }
.r3-issues li:target { outline: 2px solid var(--copper); outline-offset: 2px; }
.r3-issue-number { color: var(--copper); font: 26px/1.4 Georgia,serif; direction: ltr; }
.r3-issues h3 { margin: 0 0 9px; color: var(--navy); font: 700 18px/1.65 'Noto Kufi Arabic',sans-serif; }
.r3-issues p { margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.9; }
.r3-perspective-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 0; border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r3-perspective-grid > div { min-width: 0; padding: 26px 24px 32px; }
.r3-perspective-grid > div:first-child { padding-inline-start: 0; border-inline-end: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r3-perspective-grid h2 { font-size: clamp(20px,2vw,25px); }
.r3-perspective-grid ul { margin: 0; padding: 0 20px 0 0; }
.r3-perspective-grid li { margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.9; }
.r3-law { background: transparent; }
.r3-view { background: #f1ece4; }
.r3-view h2 { color: var(--burgundy); }
.r3-transfer figure { margin: 0; }
.r3-flow { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 0; margin-top: 29px; border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r3-flow > div { position: relative; min-width: 0; padding: 20px 17px 24px; border-inline-end: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r3-flow > div:first-child { padding-inline-start: 0; }
.r3-flow > div:last-child { border: 0; }
.r3-flow > div:not(:last-child)::after { content: '←'; position: absolute; left: -10px; top: 24px; z-index: 1; color: var(--copper); background: var(--ivory); font-size: 20px; }
.r3-flow span { display: block; color: var(--burgundy); font: 20px/1.4 Georgia,serif; }
.r3-flow strong { display: block; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--navy); font: 700 16px/1.7 'Noto Kufi Arabic',sans-serif; }
.r3-flow small { display: block; margin-top: 7px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.65; }
.r3-transfer figcaption { margin-top: 15px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; }
.r3-roles { list-style: none; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 0 26px; margin: 20px 0 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r3-role { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 34px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 12px; padding: 19px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r3-role-step { color: var(--copper); font: 21px/1.5 Georgia,serif; }
.r3-role h3, .r3-oversight h3 { margin: 0 0 6px; color: var(--navy); font: 700 16px/1.65 'Noto Kufi Arabic',sans-serif; }
.r3-role h3 a, .r3-oversight h3 a { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--copper); text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.r3-role p, .r3-oversight p { margin: 0; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.85; }
.r3-oversight { margin-top: 33px; padding: 23px 26px; background: var(--navy); color: #e9e7e1; }
.r3-oversight > h3 { color: var(--copper-light); font-size: 18px; }
.r3-oversight > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 25px; margin-top: 18px; }
.r3-oversight h3 { color: #fff; }
.r3-source { display: grid; gap: 10px; padding: 20px 0; border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.r3-source a { width: max-content; max-width: 100%; color: var(--burgundy); font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 5px; }
.r3-source span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 14px; }
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .r3-issue-index, .r3-issues, .r3-perspective-grid, .r3-roles, .r3-oversight > div { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .r3-issue-index a { padding-block: 9px; }
  .r3-issues li { padding: 20px 17px; }
  .r3-perspective-grid > div { padding: 20px 0; }
  .r3-perspective-grid > div:first-child { border-inline-end: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .r3-perspective-grid > .r3-view { padding-inline: 18px; }
  .r3-flow { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .r3-flow > div, .r3-flow > div:first-child { padding: 13px 0; border-inline-end: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .r3-flow > div:last-child { border: 0; }
  .r3-flow > div:not(:last-child)::after { content: '↓'; inset-inline-start: auto; left: 9px; top: auto; bottom: -14px; }
  .r3-flow strong { margin-top: 2px; }
  .r3-oversight { padding: 20px; }
  .r3-oversight > div { gap: 20px; }
}